Mechanical properties of polymethyl methacrylate as a denture base: Conventional versus CAD-CAM resin - A systematic review and meta-analysis of in vitro studies.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: The development of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) resin blocks with reported improved mechanical properties has simplified complete denture production. However, whether the objective of improved mechanical properties has been achieved compared with conventional heat-polymerized PMMA is not yet clear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the mechanical properties of denture base resins manufactured by conventional heat-polymerization and by CAD-CAM in terms of flexural strength, flexural modulus, and surface roughness. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science) were independently searched by 2 researchers for relevant studies published up to November 2020. The population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) question was, "Does the conventionally manufactured, heat-polymerized PMMA resin, as a denture base, demonstrate the same mechanical properties as the CAD-CAM resin block?" In addition, a meta-analysis was based on the inverse variance method. Flexural strength, flexural modulus, and surface roughness were analyzed through the continuous outcome evaluated by mean difference and standard deviation, with 95% confidence intervals. To evaluated heterogeneity, the I2 value (≤25%=low, ≥50%=moderate and ≥75%=high) and the P value were considered. P<.10 indicated statistical difference for heterogeneity. The effects of meta-analysis were based on the results of heterogeneity as per the studies. RESULTS: Thirteen in vitro studies were included in the analysis. A total of 507 specimens were evaluated, 222 conventional and 285 CAD-CAM. In terms of flexural strength, the data showed no significant difference when conventional heat-polymerized PMMA was compared with CAD-CAM PMMA resins (P=.06; mean difference=18.28; 95% confidence interval:-0.42 to 36.97). In terms of flexural modulus, there was a significant difference for the CAD-CAM PMMA group (P=.01; mean difference=589.22; 95% confidence interval: 117.95 to 1060.48). In terms of surface roughness, a significant difference was observed between the groups (P=.02; mean difference=-0.53; 95% confidence interval: -0.97 to -0.09) with the conventional heat-polymerized PMMA resin having higher surface roughness values. CONCLUSIONS: The mechanical properties of CAD-CAM PMMA resins were generally improved when compared with heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate resin.

A clinical comparison of 1-piece versus 2-piece implants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: One-step dental implant surgery with a 1-piece implant has been introduced with the aim of simplifying and increasing the effectiveness of treatment and providing greater comfort for the patient. Whether these goals have been met compared with conventional 2-piece implants remains unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the use of 1-piece versus 2-piece implants in terms of marginal bone loss and implant survival rate. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and was recorded in the International prospective register of systematic reviews (PROSPERO) database (CRD 42018095721). A literature search was conducted in the PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for articles published up to May 2018. The population, intervention, comparison, outcome (PICO) question was, "Do patients who received 1-piece implants show similar marginal bone loss, survival rates, and complications as those who receive 2-piece implants?" RESULTS: The meta-analysis was based on the Mantel-Haenszel and inverse variance methods. Implant survival rate was analyzed by using a dichotomous outcome, measured according to risk ratio (RR) and marginal bone loss by continuously evaluating the outcomes according to the mean difference (MD), both with a corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Five studies, including 270 participants with a mean age of 54.70 years and receiving 434 dental implants, were included. The mean follow-up period was 4 years. Meta-analysis did not reveal a significant difference in relation to implant survival rate (P=.85; RR: -0.89; CI: -0.27 to 2.98), as well as to marginal bone loss (P=.85; MD: -0.43; CI: -0.43 to -0.52). CONCLUSIONS: One- and 2-piece implants demonstrated effectiveness in the rehabilitation of patients requiring dental implants.

Analysis of the effects of irradiation in osseointegrated dental implants.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of radiation in osseointegrated dental implants installed in tibiae of rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Screw-shaped implants (2.5 mm diameter by 3.5 mm length) were custom made from commercially pure titanium bars. Titanium implants were blasted and sterilized before implantation. Animals were divided into two groups of 12 animals each and the rats were not paired after the groups' formation. The experimental group (group 1) received external irradiation 4 weeks after surgery while in the control group (group 2) animals were kept free of radiation. The shear strength required to detach the implant from bone was measured by push-out testing and osseointegration was histologically evaluated. RESULTS: Results showed that the compressive strength of irradiated implants (33.49 MPa) was significantly lower than the compressive strength of non-irradiated implants (48.05 MPa). CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that the mechanical strength bonding between implants and host tissues decreased after irradiation.

Association between bruxism, alcoholand tobacco use among brazilian students / Relação entre bruxismo e consumo de álcool e tabaco em estudantes brasileiros

Diferentes fatores que afetam o sistema nervoso central são considerados de risco para o bruxismo. Universitários não são imunes ao bruxismo, consumo de álcool e uso de tabaco apesar de sua formação e responsabilidade social. Avaliou-se a associação entre bruxismo, consumo de álcool e tabaco entre graduandos de Odontologia. Foram voluntários 180 estudantes (17-29 anos) da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba/ UNESP, divididos entre aqueles com e sem bruxismo, com base em critérios clínicos validados realizados por quatro examinadores com luz natural e espátula de madeira. Bruxismo foi registrado nas seguintes categorias: sem facetas de desgaste; facetas no esmalte; facetas na dentina; facetas em metade da coroa e facetas em mais de 2/ 3 da coroa. Auto-questionário validado para o consumo de álcool e tabaco, com 29 perguntas foi respondido pelos dois grupos. Teste T e Exato de Fischer foram aplicados. Bruxismo foi mais frequente entre tabagistas, tanto em homens (68,4%) como mulheres (56,8%). Entre os indivíduos com bruxismo, 82,6% relataram que gostariam de parar de fumar e aqueles que anteriormente tentaram (76,4%) sentiram-se mais estressados ao parar. O consumo de álcool também foi mais frequente no grupo com bruxismo (66,5% no gênero feminino e 73,5% no masculino). 88,4% relataram consumir álcool “para lidar com o estresse de forma adequada”. Resultados sugerem associação positiva entre bruxismo, consumo de álcool e tabagismo

The etiology of bruxism is not well defined. Different factors affecting the central nervous system are considered as risk factors for bruxism. Dental students are not immune to the bruxism, alcohol consumption and tobacco use, despite their training, knowledge of its effects and social responsibility. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between bruxism, alcohol consumption and tobacco use among Brazilian dental students. Participants were chosen among 180, 17-29 year-old students at the UNESP’s Dentistry School – Araçatuba Campus. They were divided into those with and without bruxism on the basis at validated clinical criteria. The clinical examinations were carried out by four standardized examiners (Intraexaminer and Interexaminer Unweighted kappa= 0.82, Weighted kappa= 0.89, respectively), in the clinic, with daylight and a tongue depressor. Bruxism was registered with the following categories: no wear facets, wear facets in enamel, dentine wear facets, facets wear half of the crown and wear facets more than 2/3 of the tooth crown. A self report validated questionnaire for alcohol consumption and tobacco use with 29 questions was completed by both groups. Fischer exact test and T-test were used and Odds Ratio and Confidence Interval was estimated. Bruxism was more frequent among cigarette smokers both in men (68.4%) and in women (56.8%). Among all respondents in this group, 82.6% reported that they would like to quit smoking and those who have tried previously to quit (76.4%) found it made them more stressed. Drinker was more frequent in the group with bruxism also (66.5% of the female and 73.5% of the male). 88.4% reported drinking alcohol because it “allows dealing with stress in an adequate way”. Results suggest a positive association between bruxism and alcohol consumption and tobacco use

Tratamento de superfície de implantes dentários: SBF / Surface treatment of dental implants: SBF

Diversos tratamentos da superfície dos implantes dentários têm sido desenvolvidos com o objetivo de garantir ancoragem ao tecido ósseo, otimização dos determinantes de estrutura eletrônica, cristalinidade, composição e propriedades. As técnicas de recobrimento têm sido propostas com o objetivo de criar união bioquímica capaz de acelerar as fases iniciais de formação do tecido ósseo, aliando as propriedades positivas do titânio e suas ligas à bioatividade dos materiais cerâmicos. Este trabalho aborda protocolo de manipulação do SBF para recobrimento de ligas de titânio. A obtenção do recobrimento com nucleação de apatita ocorre por imersão do substrato em solução sintética que simula o plasma sanguíneo (Simulated Body Fluid). O protocolo de manipulação da solução SBF permite estabelecer diretrizes racionalizadas quanto ao uso e organizadas de modo a tornar prática sua aplicação

Various surface treatments of dental implants have been developed in order to ensure anchorage to bone tissue, optimization of the determinants of electronic structure, crystallinity, composition and properties. Coating techniques have been proposed in order to create union biochemical able to accelerate the early stages of bone tissue, combining the positive properties of titanium and its alloys bioactivity of ceramic materials. This paper discusses protocol for handling the SBF coating of titanium alloys. The apatite phase nucleation occurs by immersing the substrate in synthetic solution simulating blood plasma (Simulated Body Fluid). The protocol allows manipulation of the SBF solution to establish guidelines regarding the use streamlined and organized to make practical application

Parafunctionalactivities in brazilian children and adolescent / Prevalência de hábitos parafuncionais em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros

O crescimento craniofacial é o resultado da interação de mecanismos genéticos, hormonais e neurológicos, influenciados pela ação do meio ambiente e da função. As variações das funções normais de respiração, mastigação, deglutição, sucção e fonação, podem, devido à sua interdependência morfofuncional com o crescimento da face, resultar em má oclusões, as quais exercem papel determinante na conformação óssea e neuromuscular do sistema estomatognático. A prevenção e interceptação dos hábitos parafuncionais é de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento físico e emocional da criança. O propósito deste trabalho foi determinar a prevalência de hábitos parafuncionais em alunos do ensino fundamental do Colégio Ipê de Assis (Assis, SP). No presente estudo foi aplicado questionário proposto pelo Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Tratamento das DTMs da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Unesp. O universo e a amostra foram compostos pelos 80 alunos do ensino fundamental do Colégio Ipê de Assis (Assis, SP). A execução do projeto foi autorizada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba/Unesp.Todos os responsáveis pelos alunos receberam instrução arespeito da pesquisa quanto à preservação de identidade e prestação de esclarecimentos em caso de dúvida. Ademais, foi solicitado que assinassem otermo de consentimento esclarecido, a fim de viabilizar a participação dos alunos. Os alunos (10 a 14 anos0 foram classificados em dois grupos: Grupo I – gênero feminino e Grupo II - gênero masculino. Além disso, os Grupos I e II foram classificados segundo as séries em curso e os hábitos bucais apresentados. Entre os hábitos parafuncionais detectados, mascar chiclete foi o hábito mais prevalente para ambos os grupos (72,2% no Grupo I e 78,5% no Grupo II) e em todos os anos, seguido de apoiar a mão no queixo (69,5% para o Grupo I e 67% para o Grupo II). Morder a língua foi o hábito menos prevalente no Grupo II e dormir de bruços no Grupo I. A alta...

The etiology of TMD in children and adolescents is considered multifactorial and has been related to parafunctional habits.The objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of parafunctional habits in elementary school students of “Colégio Ipê de Assis” (Assis, SP - Brazil). In the present research was administered questionnaire (15 questions) proposed by the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of TMD, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, UNESP. The sample was composed of 80 elementary school students of the “Colégio Ipê de Assis” (Assis, SP - Brazil). The project was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research of the School of Dentistry of Araçatuba/ UNESP. All parents and responsible of the students received instruction about the research and preservation of identity and provide clarification if in doubt. Beyond that, they were requested to sign the informed consent in order to facilitate the participation of students. Females comprised 47,5% and males 52,5%, with age ranging from 10 to 14. The students were classified into two groups as follows: Group I-female, Group II- male. In addition, brazilian students from Groups I and II were classified according to type of oral habits presented. All students presented a parafunctional habit. Among the parafunctional habits chewing gum was the most common in both groups (72.2%, Group I and 78.5%, Group II) followed by resting chin on hand for both genders (69,5% for Group I and 67% for Group II). Tongue biting (5%) was less founded in Group II and stomach sleeping in Group I. The results obtained show the necessity of carring out preventive programs. Beside, resources of Health should increase preventive treatments

Corrosion resistance of Ni-Cr alloys in different mouthwashes / Resistência à corrosão de ligas de Ni-Cr em diferentes enxaguatórios bucais

Várias ligas têm sido utilizadas na confecção de restaurações protéticas nos últimos anos. Essas ligas apresentam na sua composição ouro, paládio, prata, níquel, cobalto, cromo e titânio; quando na cavidade bucal são passíveis de corrosão, a qual pode empobrecer a estética e comprometer as propriedades físicas e biológicas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência a corrosão de duas ligas odontológicas, Ni-Cr e Ni-Cr-Ti em três tipos de colutórios bucais com diferentes ingredientes ativos: colutório I – 0.5g/l de cloreto de cetilpiridíneo +0.05 de fluoreto de sódio; colutório II -0.05 de fluoreto de sódio + 0.03% de triclosan e colutório III – 0.12% de diclonato de clorexidina. Curvas potenciodinâmicas foram realizadas por meio de potenciostato PAR283 e célula de vidro convencional de parede dupla para termostatização. Utilizou-se eletrodo de referência Ag/ AgCl, KClsat e auxiliar espiral de platina. A microestrutura das duas ligas foi observada por meio de microscopia ótica. Análise das curvas obtidas mostraram que a liga Ni-Cr foi menos reativa na presença de digluconato de clorexida a 0.12%, enquanto a liga Ni-Cr-Ti foi mais sensível para os outros dois tipos de colutório. Isto ocorreu, provavelmente, devido a presença de titânio na composição desta liga. Análise microestrutural revelou microsestrutura dendrítica na liga Ni-Cr e eutéticos na liga Ni-Cr-Ti

Several alloys have been used for prosthodontics restorations in the last years. These alloys have a number of metals that include gold, palladium, silver, nickel, cobalt, chromium and titanium and they are used in oral cavity undergo several corrosion. Corrosion can lead to poor esthetics, compromise of physical properties, or increased biological irritation. The objective of this study was evaluated corrosion resistance of two alloys Ni-Cr and Ni-Cr-Ti in three types of mouthwashes with different active ingredients: 0.5g/l cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.05% sodium fluoride, 0.05% sodium fluoride + 0.03% triclosan (with fluor) and 0.12% chlorohexidine digluconate. The potentiodynamic curves were performed by means of an EG&G PAR 283 potentiostat/galvanostat. The counter electrode was a platinum wire and reference electrode was an Ag/AgCl, KCl saturated. Before each experiment, working electrodes were mechanically polished with 600 and 1200 grade papers, rinsed with distilled water and dried in air. All experiments were carried out at 37.0oC in conventional three-compartment double wall glass cell containing mouthwashes. The microstructures of two alloys were observed in optical microscopy. Analysis of curves showed that Ni-Cr alloy was less reactive in the presence of 0.12% chlorohexidine digluconate while Ni-Cr-Ti alloy was more sensitive for others two types of mouthwashes (0.5g/l cetylpyridinium chloride + 0.05% sodium fluoride® and 0.05% sodium fluoride + 0.03% triclosan). This occurred probably due presence of titanium in this alloy. Microstructural analysis reveals the presence of dendritic and eutectic microstructures for NiCr and Ni-Cr-Ti, respectively

Estratégias de sustentabilidade na prática odontológica / Sustainability strategies in dental practice

Cirurgiões-Dentistas têm discutido amplamente a questão ambiental com vistas à implementação de estratégias de sustentabilidade na prática odontológica. É inaceitável o exercício da Odontologia na atualidade como tão somente a solução de problemas bucais. O Odontólogo tem a responsabilidade social de incorporar em seu cotidiano profissional atitudes concretas que reduzam o impacto de seu processo produtivo. O propósito deste trabalho é caracterizar o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de modelo de atuação voltado para a responsabilidade social no uso eficiente de energia elétrica na prática odontológica, incorporado à preservação da causa ambiental na Odontologia, no sentido de traçar cenário de mudança que permita a gestão ambiental sem comprometimento da qualidade dos serviços oferecidos

Dentists have widely discussed environmental issues with a view to the implementation of sustainability strategies in dental practice. It is unacceptable the practice of dentistry today as merely the solution of dental problems. The Dentist has a social responsibility to incorporate into your daily work concrete actions to reduce the impact of its production process. The purpose of this study is to characterize the development and application of performanceoriented model of social responsibility in dental practice, built to preserve the environmental cause in dentistry in order to trace change scenario that allows the environmental management without compromising the quality of services offered

Sinais e sintomas na Síndrome de Costen associada a desordens temporomandibulares: relato de caso clínico / Signs and symptoms in Costen’s Syndrome in association with TMD: report of clinic case

Definida como um conjunto de sinais e sintomas auditivos em pacientes portadores de DTM, a Síndrome de Costen é caracterizada por sensação de plenitude auricular, hipoacusia, zumbido, otalgia e vertigem com nistagmo. Herpes, glossodinia, neuralgia glossofaringeal e trismo também podem estar associados. A Síndrome de Costen parece ter predileção pelo sexo feminino e na quarta década de vida. O acompanhamento multiprofissional desses pacientes é imperativo no seu reconhecimento e no estabelecimento de terapêutica eficaz. Relatou-se caso clínico de paciente com Síndrome de Costen cujo tratamento consistiu na orientação sobre a etiologia da desordem e sessões semanais de acupuntura. As características clínicas que levaram ao diagnóstico e plano de tratamento, bem como a eficácia da acupuntura como terapêutica de suporte também foram discutidas

Costen’s syndrome is defined as a set of auditory signs and symptoms in patients with TMD. It is characterized by ear fullness, hearing loss, tinnitus, ear pain and vertigo with nystagmus.It has predilection for females and fourth decade of life. The multidisciplinary monitoring of these patients is imperative in its recognition and the establishment of effective therapy. In this paper we report a case of Costen’s Syndrome patient whose treatment consisted of advice on the etiology of the disorder and weekly sessions of acupuncture. The clinical features that led to the diagnosis and treatment plan, and the effectiveness of acupuncture as supportive therapy were also discussed

Photoelastic stress analysis of different attachment systems on implant-retained and conventional palatal obturator prostheses.

BACKGROUND: Considering that an increasing number of patients are victims of mutilator surgical resections, these studies are important for treatment success of rehabilitation of patients presenting oronasal communication. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess the stress distribution through photoelasticity in palatal obturator prostheses with different attachment systems for implants. METHODS: Two photoelastic models were obtained from an experimental maxillary model presenting an oronasal communication. One model was fabricated without implant, and the other with 2 implants 10 mm in length inserted in the left crest. Four colorless palatal obturator prostheses were fabricated. One prosthesis presented no attachment system, whereas the remaining prostheses were adapted to 3 attachment systems. The assembly was positioned in a circular polariscope for application of axial load. RESULTS: The results were based on photographic records of stress in the photoelastic model submitted to loading. The records revealed higher stress concentration on the bar-clip system followed by the O'ring/bar-clip and O'ring systems, respectively. A homogeneous stress distribution was observed on the photoelastic model with the mucous-supported prosthesis. CONCLUSIONS: The attachment systems generated different characteristics of stress distribution that was concentrated surrounding the implants. The bar-clip system exhibited the highest stress concentration on the alveolar crest.

Compatibilidade entre alginato e gesso ortodônticos: capacidade de umedecimento sob influência da desinfecção do molde / Compatibility of alginate and orthodontic stone under disinfection

O mercado odontológico tem ofertado materiais de moldagem e modelo para uso ortodôntico garantindo modelos precisos. A compatibilidade entre estes materiais é definida pelo umedecimento das superfícies do molde pela mistura água/gesso sobre ela vazada e sofre influência de método de desinfecção do molde e solução desinfetante utilizada. Avaliou-se a influência da desinfecção por aspersão com hipoclorito de sódio 1% sobre a capacidade de umedecimento de duas marcas comerciais de alginato (Jeltrate® e Orthoprint®) por duas marcas comerciais de gesso pedra tipo III (Gesso Rio® e Orthogesso®). Foram confeccionados 20 moldes de cada tipo de alginato, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos (Água e Hipoclorito de sódio), recebendo respectivamente aspersão com água e hipoclorito de sódio 1%. Cada grupo de moldes foi então novamente dividido em dois subgrupos, sendo que sobre a superfície dos moldes foram vertidos 2 ml de gesso (Gesso Rio® ou Orthogesso®). Atingida a presa final, os modelos foram seccionados vertical e medianamente e montados para leitura do ângulo de contato em microscópio Carl Zeiss (0.001). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA e mostraram significância estatística para as soluções utilizadas. Conclui-se que a desinfecção dos moldes com aspersão de hipoclorito de sódio 1% melhorou a capacidade de umedecimento dos alginatos pelos gessos estudados

The dental trade has offered dental impression and dental stone for orthodontic use ensuring accurate models. The compatibility between these materials is defined by the wetting of the model surfaces by the mixture water/stone poured over it and the influenced by the method of disinfection of model and disinfectant solution used. It was evaluated the influence of spray disinfection with sodium hypochlorite 1% on the wettability of two commercial alginate (Jeltrate® - Dentsply and Orthoprint® - Zhermack) at two commercial type III gypsum (Rio® - ME and AOBussoli Orthogesso Orthogesso®-SA). Twenty models were fabricated for each type of alginate, which were divided into two groups (water and sodium hypochlorite), receiving respectively water and sodium hypochlorite 1% spray. Each group of models was then further divided into two subgroups, and on their surface were poured 2 ml of type III gypsum (Gesso Rio® or Orthogesso®). Reached the final setting of the gypsum specimens were sectioned vertically and medially, settled water with sandpaper No. 400 and mounted on suitable device for reading (in the right and left) of the contact angle Carl Zeiss microscope (precision, 001). The results were submitted to ANOVA and founded statistical significance for solutions used. It was concluded that sodium hypochlorite spray improved wettability of alginates studied

Photoelastic stress analysis in screwed and cemented implant-supported dentures with external hexagon implants.

The aim of this study was to assess the stress distribution of the retention systems (screwed and cemented) for implant-supported fixed partial dentures by means of photoelastic method. Two models were made of photoelastic resin PL-2 with 2 implants (phi = 4.00 x 10 mm) located in the second premolar and molar region in each photoelastic model, varying the retention system (screwed and cemented). The implant-supported fixed partial dentures were standardized and made of Ni-Cr alloy. Axial and oblique (45 degrees) forces of 100 N were applied on the occlusal surface by means of a Universal Testing Machine (EMIC-DL 3000; São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil). The results were observed and photographed in the field of a circular polariscope and qualitatively analyzed with the aid of computer software (Adobe Photoshop, San Jose, CA). The screw retention system presented the highest number of fringes when the loads were applied on the premolar, pontic, and molar and showed this behavior in all load applications, under axial and oblique loads. It was concluded that there was a better stress distribution and lower magnitude of stress on the cemented implant-supported dentures, under axial and oblique loads. Oblique load caused an increase in stress concentrations in all the models.

Efeito do envelhecimento e do estresse crônico sobre a reação do tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo: estudo histológico em ratos / Effect of aging and chronic stress on the reaction of subcutaneous connective tissue: histological study in rats

As funções fisiológicas sofrem um retardo gradual que se inicia por volta de 25-30 anos e se estende até a morte. Além disso, esta alteração afeta mais gravemente as atividades mais complexas e as respostas mais intrincadas às tensões ou estresse. O propósito deste trabalho foi estudar histologicamente em ratos idosos o efeito do estresse crônico sobre a reação do tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo. Para tanto, 60 ratos, divididos em quatro grupos (GI (controle), GII (estressado), GIII (idoso) e GIV (Idoso/Estressado) receberam implante subcutâneo, bilateral e dorsal, de tubos de polietileno contendo soro fisiológico. Em grupos de cinco, os animais foram sacrificados aos 7,14 e 28 dias pós-operatórios. Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar reação inflamatória mais intensa e organização do tecido conjuntivo mais tardia nos animais idosos submetidos ao estresse

Physiological functions undergo a gradual retardation that begins around 25-30 years and extends to the death. Moreover, this change affects most severely the activities more complex and more intricate responses to tensions or stress. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically in aged rats the effect of chronic stress on the reaction of subcutaneous connective tissue. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically in aged rats the effect of chronic stress on the reaction of subcutaneous connective tissue. For this purpose, 60 rats were divided into four groups (GI (control), GII (stressed), GIII (elderly) and GIV (aged / stressed) received dorsal subcutaneous implants of polyethylene tubes containing saline solution. In groups of four animals were sacrificed at 7,14 and 28 days postoperatively. The results allowed to observe more intense inflammatory reaction and tissue organization later in the aged animals subjected to stress

Efeito do estresse crônico e benzodiazepínicos no reparo ósseo: estudo histológico em ratos / Effect of chronic stress and benzodiazepines on bone repair: histologic study in rats

Aceita-se o estresse como um fator ambiental capaz de predispor o indivíduo à depressão. Os benzodiazepínicos têm sido prescritos como drogas eficazes nessas situações. O propósito deste trabalho foi estudar histologicamente o efeito do estresse crônico e drogas benzodiazepínicas sobre o reparo ósseo. Cavidades ósseas foram criadas em ambas as tíbias de 40 ratos machos, divididos em 2 grupos: Controle e Tratado. Neste, o estímulo estressor foi aplicado nos 40 dias pré-operatórios e em todos os dias pós-operatórios até o sacrifício, pela manhã por 2 horas, por meio da imobilização por contenção. Esses animais também receberam benzodiazepínico do grupo Diazepam, diariamente, na concentração de 5mg/Kg/peso corporal nos 15 dias pré-operatórios. Em grupos de cinco, os animais foram sacrificados aos 7, 14, 30 e 60 dias pós-operatórios. Aos 7 dias pós-operatórios, enquanto o grupo controle exibia tecido conjuntivo rico em fibroblastos, o grupo tratado mostrava tecido conjuntivo neoformado, com escassos fibroblastos e vasos capilares ao lado de linfócitos e macrófagos. Aos 14 dias pós-operatórios, o Grupo Controle exibiu trabeculado ósseo neoformado enquanto o Grupo Tratado evoluiu para trabéculas ósseas delgadas, com numerosos osteoblastos em suas bordas. Aos 30 dias pós-operatórios a reparação óssea está completa em ambos os grupos. Aos 60 dias pós-operatórios as características observadas nos grupos controle e tratado são semelhantes ao período anterior, porém com osteogênese mais avançada

Stress is an environmental factor that may predispose individuals to depression. Benzodiazepines have been prescribed as effective drugs in these situations. The purpose of this study was histological evaluate of the effect of chronic stress and benzodiazepine drugs on bone healing. Bone cavities were created in both tibias of 40 male rats were divided into two groups: Control and Treaty. In this, the stressor stimulus was applied 40 days pre-operative and all post-operative days until sacrifice in the morning for 2 hours, by immobilizing restraint. These animals also received diazepam benzodiazepine group, daily, at a concentration of 5mg/Kg/peso body within 15 days of preoperative. In groups of five animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days post-surgery. At 7 days postoperatively, while the control group exhibited tissue rich in fibroblasts, the treated group showed newly formed tissue with few fibroblasts and capillaries along with lymphocytes and macrophages. At 14 days postsurgery, the control group showed newly formed trabecular bone while the treated group progressed to thin trabecular bone with numerous osteoblasts on their borders. At 30 days post-operative bone healing is complete in both groups. At 60 days post-operative characteristics observed in the treated and control groups are similar to the previous period, but with more advanced osteogenesis

Reação do tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo de ratos ao implante de Artglass®: estudo histológico / Reaction of the subcutaneous tissue of rats to Artglass™: histological study

Sistemas indiretos de resina composta têm sido rotineiramente indicados para confecção de restaurações em pacientes estressados. O propósito deste trabalho foi estudar histologicamente em ratos o efeito do estresse crônico sobre a reação do tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo ao implante de Artglass®. Para tanto, 60 ratos, divididos em quatro grupos (GI (controle), GII (estressado), GIII (Artglass®) e GIV (Artglass®/Estressado) receberam implante subcutâneo, bilateral e dorsal, de tubos de polietileno contendo soro fisiológico (Grupos I e II) ou Artglass® (Grupos III e IV). Em grupos de cinco, os animais foram sacrificados aos 7,14 e 28 dias pós-operatórios. Os resultados obtidos permitiram observar reação inflamatória mais intensa e organização do tecido conjuntivo mais tardia nos animais submetidos ao estresse

Indirect composite resin systems have been routinely recommended for making restorations in distressed patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically in rats the effect of chronic stress on the reaction of subcutaneous connective tissue after implant of Artglass™. For this purpose, 60 rats were divided into four groups (GI (control), GII (stressed), GIII (Artglass™) and GIV (Artglass™/ stressed) received dorsal subcutaneous implants of polyethylene tubes containing saline solution (GI and GII) or Artglass™ (GIII and GIV). In groups of four animals were sacrificed at 7,14 and 28 days postoperatively. The results allowed to observe more intense inflammatory reaction and tissue organization later in the animals subjected to stress

Uso de benzodiazepínicos no pré-operatório: efeito sobre o reparo ósseo / Use of benzodiazepines in the preoperative period: effect on bone repair

Os benzodiazepínicos respondem como uma das drogas mais prescritas e consumidas. O propósito deste trabalho foi estudar histologicamente o efeito de drogas benzodiazepínicas sobre o reparo ósseo. Cavidades ósseas foram criadas em ambas as tíbias de 40 ratos machos, divididos em dois grupos: controle e tratado. No grupo tratado, a droga foi administrada diariamente, na concentração de 5mg/Kg/peso corporal nos 15 dias pré-operatórios. Em grupos de cinco, os animais foram sacrificados aos 7,14,30 e 60 dias pós-operatórios. Aos 7 dias pós-operatórios a cavidade cirúrgica mostra-se preenchida por tecido conjuntivo denso, permeado por delicadas trabéculas ósseas neoformadas nos grupo controle e tratado. Aos 14 dias pós-operatórios as lojas cirúrgicas encontram-se totalmente preenchidas por tecido ósseo neoformado no grupo controle e parcialmente no grupo tratado. Aos 30 dias pós-operatórios a reparação óssea está completa e as lojas cirúrgicas encontram-se preenchidas por tecido ósseo secundário em ambos os grupos. Aos 60 dias pós-operatórios, tecido ósseo maduro e bem diferenciado ocupa todos os espécimes de ambos os grupos. Com base nos resultados obtidos conclui-se que o uso de drogas benzodiazepínicas não interferiu nos estádios de organização do coágulo de fibrina e ossificação da reparação óssea

Benzodiazepines respond as one of the most commonly prescribed drugs and consumed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of benzodiazepine drugs on bone healing. Bone cavities were created in both tibias of 32 male rats were divided into two groups: control and treated. In the treated group, the drug was administered daily at a concentration of 5mg/Kg/peso body within 15 days of preoperative period. In groups of four animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. At 7 days postoperatively, while the control group showed connective tissue rich in fibroblasts, the treated group showed neoformed tissue with numerous fibroblasts and capillaries along with lymphocytes and macrophages. At 14 days postoperatively, the control group evolved into newly formed trabecular bone and the group treated for thin trabecular bone with numerous osteoblasts on their borders. At 30 days post-operative bone healing is complete surgical and shops are filled by secondary bone tissue in both groups. At 60 days post-surgery, bone tissue and well differentiated occupies all specimens of both groups. Based on the results it is concluded that the use of benzodiazepine drugs did not interfere in bone repair

Relação da oclusão dentária com a postura de cabeça em pacientes portadores de DTM / Relationship between dental occlusion and head-position in DTM patients

A postura corporal global interfere na posição da cabeça a qual por sua vez determina a postura da mandíbula e da língua na cavidade bucal, o que pode provocar transtornos na articulação temporomandibular. O propósito deste trabalho foi avaliar, por meio de fotogrametria, a correlação entre a postura corporal global e má oclusão em pacientes atendidos no Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Tratamento de DTM/ DMOP. Foram selecionados 30 pacientes com diagnóstico de transtorno da articulação temporomandibular, atendidos no Núcleo de Diagnóstico e Tratamento de DTM/ DMOP da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Unesp. Para avaliação da postura corporal global foi utilizada tela plástica transparente quadriculada em preto, medindo 2,00 x 0,70m, com quadriculado de 10x10cm e realizada fotografia digital de cada paciente utilizando-se máquina fotográfica digital DSC-S2000 Sony Cyber-shot 10.1 mega pixels, posicionada em tripé na altura da cicatriz umbilical, nivelado a 310 cm de distância da tela. Cada paciente foi avaliado e fotografado em quatro vistas: anterior, posterior, lateral direita e lateral esquerda. As análises posturais foram realizadas por um mesmo fisioterapeuta e a má oclusão igualmente por cirurgião-dentista calibrado. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística e permitiram concluir que: a) a postura centralizada da cabeça se mostrou predominante nos pacientes com relação molar de classe I; b) a postura anteriorizada da cabeça foi observada em todos os pacientes com má oclusão de classe II; c) a posição posteriorizada da cabeça foi observada em todos os pacientes com má oclusão de classe III

The body posture interferes with the overall position of the head which in turn determines the position of the jaw and tongue in the oral cavity, which can cause temporomandibular joint disorders. The purpose of this study was to evaluate, by means of photogrammetry, the correlation between overall body posture and malocclusion in patients treated at the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of TMD / DMOP. Were selected 30 patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint disorder, seen in the Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of TMD / DMOP School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, Unesp. To assess the overall body posture was used transparent plastic screen checkered in black, measuring 2.00 x 0.70 m with a grid and held 10x10cm digital photo of each patient using a digital camera DSC-S2000 Sony Cyber-shot 10.1 mega pixels, positioned on a tripod at the height of the umbilicus, capped at 310 cm from the screen. Each patient was evaluated and photographed in four views: anterior, posterior, lateral right and left side. Postural Analyses were performed by the same physiotherapist and malocclusion also calibrated by the dentist. The data were statistically analyzed and showed that: a) centralized head posture showed predominant in patients with Class I molar relationship; b) the forward head posture was observed in all patients with Class II malocclusion; c) the posterior position of the head was observed in all patients with class III malocclusion

Efeito do estresse crônico de contenção sobre o reparo de cavidades ósseas: estudo histológico em tíbias de ratos / Effect of chronic stress of restraint on repair of bone cavities: histological study in tibiae of rats

O estresse do cotidiano, considerado pela OMS problema de ordem pública, acomete expressiva faixa populacional. O propósito deste trabalho foi estudar histologicamente o efeito do estresse crônico sobre o reparo ósseo. Cavidades ósseas foram criadas em ambas as tíbias de 40 ratos machos, divididos em 2 grupos: controle e estressado. Neste, o estímulo estressor foi aplicado nos 40 dias pré-operatórios e em todos os dias pós-operatórios até o sacrifício, pela manhã por 2 horas, por meio da imobilização por contenção. Em grupos de cinco, os animais foram sacrificados aos 7, 14, 30 e 60 dias pós-operatórios. Aos 7 dias pós-operatórios enquanto o Grupo controle exibia tecido conjuntivo rico em fibroblastos, o Grupo estressado mostrava áreas de coágulo sanguíneo desorganizado. Aos 14 dias pós-operatórios, o Grupo controle evoluiu para trabeculado ósseo neoformado e o Grupo estressado para espículas delgadas. Aos 30 dias pós-operatórios a cavidade óssea mostrou-se totalmente reparada por tecido ósseo maduro no Grupo controle e, parcialmente reparada no Grupo estressado. Aos 60 dias pós-operatórios, osso maduro e bem diferenciado ocupava todos os espécimes. Com base nos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que o estresse crônico atrasou a reparação óssea

The stress of everyday life, considered by the WHO public health issue, affecting a significant portion of the population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate histologically the effect of chronic stress of restraint on bone repair. Bone cavities were created in both tibias of 32 male rats were divided into two groups: control and stressed. In this, the stressor stimulus was applied within 40 days preoperative and all postoperative days until sacrifice in the morning for 2 hours, through immobilization in PVC tubes, according to the methodology of Alves-Rezende, Okamoto1,2. In groups of four animals were sacrificed at 7, 14, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. At 7 days post-surgery while the control group exhibited tissue rich in fibroblasts, the stressed group showed large areas of disorganized blood clot. At 14 days post-surgery, the control group progressed to bone trabeculae and newly formed group stressed to thin spines. At 30 days post-surgery the sinus was found to be completely repaired by bone tissue in the control group and partially repaired in the group stressed. At 60 days post-surgery, and well-differentiated mature bone occupying all the specimens. Based on the results we conclude that chronic stress delayed bone repair

Estudo da prevalência de sintomatologia temporomandibular em universitários brasileiros de odontologia / Prevalence study of temporomandibular sintomatology in Brazilian students of dentistry

As desordens temporomandibulares podem ser definidas como um conjunto de condições dolorosas e/ou disfuncionais que envolvem os músculos da mastigação e/ou as articulações temporomandibulares. Seus sintomas característicos incluem dor à palpação muscular e/ou articular, função mandibular limitada e ruídos articulares, com a prevalência total destes sintomas atingindo mais de 75% da população adulta. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de sintomatologia temporomandibular em universitários brasileiros por meio da aplicação de questionário proposto pela Academia Americana de Dor Orofacial aos 169 acadêmicos do curso de Odontologia da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Unesp; 90.6% participaram. Os resultados apontaram maior sintomatologia para os acadêmicos do 5º ano (48.3%) e menor para o primeiro ano (31,6%). As mulheres apresentaram a maior sintomatologia (22.45%) quando comparada aos homens (16.86%). Quando comparadas as faixas etárias a maior prevalência ocorreu para 21-22 anos. A aplicação do questionário proposto mostrou-se eficaz no levantamento da sintomatologia na pré-triagem mas não deve ser a única ferramenta de diagnóstico

The temporomandibular disorders can be defined as a set of painful and dysfunctional involving the muscles of mastication and the temporomandibular joints. Its characteristic symptoms are: muscle and joint pain on palpation, limited jaw function and joint sounds. The objective this study was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular sintomatology among dental students of State University of São Paulo, Araçatuba, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was carried out using a questionnaire proposed by American Academy of Orofacial Pain. One hundred and sixty nine dental students of undergraduate Dentistry Program at Araçatuba /State University of São Paulo were enrolled and 90.6% participated in the study. The results showed more symptoms for the students of 5th year (48.3%) and lower for the first year (31.6%). Women had the highest symptom (22.45%) than males (16.86%). Age range was the 21 to 22 years. All these data lead to the conclusion that the application of the proposed questionnaire was effective in the detection of the symptoms in pre-screening but should not be the only diagnostic tool

Frequência de hábitos parafuncionais: estudo transversal em acadêmicos de odontologia / Frequency of parafunctional habits: cross-sectional study in dental students

Os hábitos parafuncionais, graças ao desencadeamento de alterações articulares e motoras, jogam importante papel no desenvolvimento das desordens temporomandibulares. Quando estas atividades excedem o nível de tolerância fisiológica do indivíduo são nocivos ao aparelho estomatognático. Neste estudo avaliou-se a influência do gênero na prevalência de 12 hábitos parafuncionais em acadêmicos da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba/Unesp no ano de 2009. O gênero feminino apresentou o dobro da prevalência para os hábitos parafuncionais (66,66%) em relação ao gênero masculino (33,34%). O hábito de mascar chicletes foi o mais prevalente, seguido de apoiar a mão no queixo, para ambos os gêneros. Orientação para controle e eliminação destes hábitos mostra-se necessária

The parafunctional habits, thanks to the onset of joint and motor, play important role in the development of temporomandibular disorders. When these activities beyond the level of physiological tolerance of the individual are harmful to the stomatognathic system. This study evaluated the influence of gender on prevalence of 12 parafunctional habits in students of the Faculty of Dentistry of Araçatuba/UNESP in 2009. Women have twice the prevalence of the parafunctional habits (66.66%) compared to males (33.34%). The habit of chewing gum was the most prevalent, followed by rest your hand on the chin, for both genders. Guidance for control and elimination of these habits proves necessary